Rather than reducing concentrated market power through “disruption” or “creative destruction,” technological innovation historically has only added to the problem, by awarding monopolies to just one or a few dominant firms. And market forces offer no remedy to the problem; only public policy can provide that.
shows that technological change leads not to disruption, but to deeper, more enduring forms of market power.
The passing of America’s preeminent foreign-policy thinker and practitioner marks the end of an era. Throughout his long and extraordinarily influential career, Henry Kissinger built a legacy that Americans would be wise to heed in this new era of great-power politics and global disarray.
reviews the life and career of America’s preeminent foreign-policy scholar-practitioner.
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马萨诸塞州格洛斯特—对情报行动作用的研究不可避免地具有罗生门的性质,同样的事件会产生各不相同、有时甚至是矛盾的解释。毕竟,情报世界是一个充斥着秘密、特殊通道、潜伏行动、隐蔽关系和偶尔的意外冒险的世界。这使得评估成功和失败,以及记录情报在政治领导人决策中的作用,变得非常困难。
哈佛大学历史学家考尔德·沃尔顿(Calder Walton)在新书《 间谍:东西方之间的史诗般的情报战争 》(Simon & Schuster,2023)中直面这一挑战,该书讲述了现代情报能力在西方与俄罗斯安全部门竞争中崛起和起作用的历史。这是一个雄心勃勃也令人饶有兴味的故事,也牢牢扎根于学术研究。事实上,沃尔顿的叙述为似乎已经经过充分研究的事件提供了新的视角,从布尔什维克革命和第二次世界大战,到本世纪末在美国、英国和俄罗斯情报部门中部署的“鼹鼠”。
沃尔顿利用了新公开档案,曾经的机密内部历史,回忆录,以及对政策制定者和间谍的采访。他因此阐明了情报如何促成了1962年古巴导弹危机和1983年阿切尔事件,当时北约的一次演习引发了苏联对西方先发制人打击的担忧,将世界带到了核战争的边缘。
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