Robert Skidelsky, a member of the British House of Lords and Professor Emeritus of Political Economy at Warwick University, was a non-executive director of the private Russian oil company PJSC Russneft from 2016 to 2021. The author of a three-volume biography of John Maynard Keynes, he began his political career in the Labour party, became the Conservative Party’s spokesman for Treasury affairs in the House of Lords, and was eventually forced out of the Conservative Party for his opposition to NATO’s intervention in Kosovo in 1999. He is the author of The Machine Age: An Idea, a History, a Warning (Allen Lane, 2023).
伦敦—欧盟在英国向来不是很受欢迎。英国加入欧盟很晚,其选民将在6月23日决定是否想要早早离开。此次全民公决的结果对政府不具有法律约束力;但很难想象在公众决定要退出的情况下英国仍然留在欧盟。
多年来,英国关于欧洲的争论焦点几经变迁。20世纪60年代和70年代,问题是英国是否可以不加入当时的欧洲经济共同体。担心之处是英国会被排除在全世界增长最快的市场之外,并且其与美国的关系也将受到威胁:西方世界将由两大支柱构成,而欧洲,而不是衰败的英国将是其中之一。
如今,英国争论背后的推动因素是欧洲的衰落而非其力量。英国认为自己表现出色,而欧洲表现糟糕。事实上,自2008年大崩盘以来,欧盟一直是失败者。除了英国和德国,几乎看不到经济增长。欧洲无法捍卫边界不被恐怖分子突破(“欧洲不安全”,唐纳德·特朗普如是说)。欧洲机构缺乏合法性。欧盟由28个准主权成员构成,它无法行动,只能发布行动意图。毫不奇怪收回仍有一些决策权力的国家主权的运动正在酝酿中。
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