Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
伦敦—美国大选结束了,结果基本在意料之中。如果一个行为可以预测的传统中间派取代一个反复无常的、极端的民粹主义者成为美国总统,那么全球金融市场的热情反应则是可以正常预测的。除了投资者心理,拜登的反弹式当选还有几个根本原因:拜登短期内基本确定会出台进一步财政刺激措施;中期内很大可能会实行倾向增长的凯恩斯式需求管理;以及长期很可能促进在新能源和交通技术领域的投资。
然而,由于民主党未能重新掌控参议院,大多数投资者、经济学家和政治评论人士对所有这些可能性都持怀疑态度。按照传统的看法,拜登会发现自己的政府马上陷入瘫痪,因为共和党人会像他们破坏奥巴马政府一样故技重施。在2010年赢得众议院多数席位后,众议院议长约翰·博纳(John Boehner)阻止了几乎所有立法,使奥巴马在八年任期中有六年都沦为“跛脚鸭”总统。现在,自2014年中期选举以来一直由共和党控制的参议院将继续使绊子,阻止大规模抗议行动,阻碍财政扩张,并阻挠能源或基础设施方面的新投资。
但这只是未来政治的一部分罢了。这种悲观的传统智慧忽略了美国政治动态的五个新特征。
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