Despite an increasingly challenging economic and geopolitical environment, the global economy performed better than expected over the past year. But although analysts’ projections for 2023 were too pessimistic, it appears that consensus forecasts for the coming year may have have swung too far in the opposite direction.
worries that domestic political divisions and market volatility could exacerbate financial vulnerabilities.
If COP28 is to be judged a success, the UAE, as the summit’s host, and other hydrocarbon producers should promise to dedicate some of the windfall oil and gas profits they earned last year to accelerating the green transition in the Global South. Doing so could encourage historic and current emitters to pay their fair share.
urges oil-exporting countries to kickstart a program of green investment in the Global South at COP28.
维也纳一人工智能在各行各业的普及增加了机器最终将取代人类工作的可能性——对许多人来说,也增加了他们的恐惧。正如我们从第一次工业革命以来所观察到的那样,它们不仅将执行承担更多的机械性质的操作,而且还将通过在机器之间建立直接通信(所谓的物联网)来协调工作。
一些人称赞这些突破实现了人类从工作中解放出来的古老梦想,而另一些人指责这些突破剥夺了人们通过工作实现自我价值的权利,切断了与收入、工作相关的社会福利的联系。如果发生后一种情况,尽管对设计过程和产品的专家需求将会增加,越来越多的工作岗位将消失,而导致大规模失业。人工智能和自动化程度的提高,对劳动力市场可能带来高风险的影响,但是我们也不应该低估新技术对就业的可能影响。
许多观察家担心最坏的情况发生,主张为人们提供无条件不需要工作的基本收入,来避免可能发生的贫困现象。但是,在经济学家和政策制定者计算一般基本收入的成本和收益之前,我们最好思考清楚一个未来人们可以不工作的前提条件是什么。
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