From semiconductors to electric vehicles, governments are identifying the strategic industries of the future and intervening to support them – abandoning decades of neoliberal orthodoxy in the process. Are industrial policies the key to tackling twenty-first-century economic challenges or a recipe for market distortions and lower efficiency?
新德里—尽管动乱频仍并一再被侵略,但几百年来阿富汗几乎没有任何变化。近120年前,温斯顿·丘吉尔这样描述在该地区发动战争的无用性:“财政上这是灾难。道德上这是邪恶。军事上这不确定。政治上这是大错。”毫无疑问,丘吉尔的评价对当今许多美国和北约官员来说是正确的警钟——他们正在组织从美国为时最长的海外战斗中联合撤军。
阿富汗战争造成美军伤亡人数比前几场战争都要少,但人力成本仍然非常巨大——特别是在考虑到阿富汗方面的伤亡后。此外,数万亿美元被浪费,美国领导的军事干预所造成的少得可怜的积极效果已开始消失,副作用倒是在继续动摇该地区。
如今,美国总统奥巴马在试图与阿富汗政府谈判新的“驻军地位”协议,以确定多少美军将留驻阿富汗以及他们的部署问题。但现实是美国从冲突中败北遁走,一如近40年前的越南,任其走后被包围的群众自生自灭。
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