At the end of European Communism, there was a widespread, euphoric hope that freedom and democracy would bring a better life; eventually, though, many lost that hope. The problem, under both Communism and the new liberal dispensation, was that those pursuing grand social projects had embraced ideology instead of philosophy.
considers what an Albanian Marxist philosopher can tell us about liberty in today's world.
For the US, Slovakia's general election may produce another unreliable allied government. But instead of turning a blind eye to such allies, as President Joe Biden has been doing with Poland, or confronting them with an uncompromising stance, the US should spearhead efforts to help mend flawed democracies.
reflect on the outcome of Slovakia's general election in the run-up to Poland's decisive vote.
普林斯顿—上周,在一次备受期待的演讲中,德国总理高克对盲目追求“前所未有地紧密”的欧盟表达了担忧,他承认成员国之间日渐增加的不平等性正在产生“不安的感觉,甚至错误的愤怒,”这增加了国家受辱的风险。他指出,除了经济危机,还有“一场对作为政治工程的欧洲的信心的危机”。
尽管高克断然表示他仍是坚决的欧洲支持者,但他也强调了深刻思考欧洲未来的需要,特别是欧元区的未来。站在进一步一体化的边上,欧洲人犹豫了,“不确定我们是否应该向前跨出新的步伐”。他说,要打消这一犹豫,深入细致地思考“更欧洲”的真正含义。
或许高克走的还不够远:目前前所未有地紧密的联盟可能是一场政治婚姻。任何有让欧元区更稳定的有意义的进步都需要重大——从根本上说是开放——的财政承诺,而欧盟还没有做好跨越之一门槛的政治准备。一再地假装前进,然后又在临界点退缩,这增加了政治不确定性和经济脆弱性。
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