Liah Greenfeld
民族主义、疯狂行为和恐怖主义
波士顿——如果想了解波士顿马拉松赛爆炸案嫌疑人塔梅兰和焦哈尔·察尔纳耶夫的恐怖动机，肯定不能从两兄弟移民美国前居住的达吉斯坦、以及过去20年车臣爆发的那两场战争中寻找原因。相反，500年前英国的发展或许可以提供察尔纳耶夫所作所为的关键解释。十六世纪英格兰的新气象彻底改变了人类体验…
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Parag Khanna
混合人
新加坡——新教皇选举总能就天主教会传统与现代间的紧张关系引发辩论。辩论语言拉丁语的现代化进程或许更富于趣味性。虽然天主教教义逐步演化，但拉丁文词汇量近年来稳步扩大，反映出与技术在日常生活中日益突出的作用相适应的新词（新词、新用法和新表达方式）的激增。面对来自普通话的竞争压力， 新…
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Jan-Werner Mueller
没有人民的民粹主义
普林斯顿——（抛开反对派对马杜罗获胜是否真实提出的质疑不谈） ，尼古拉斯·马杜罗以微弱优势在委内瑞拉总统大选中获胜提出了一个重要的疑问：没有真正受欢迎、有魅力的领导者民粹主义究竟还能否发展，抑或像查韦斯主义这样的运动一旦失去被奉若神明的领袖之后注定会逐渐走向没落？在许多观察家看来…
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Martin Rees
所有人的风险
剑桥—我们这些有幸生在发达世界的人为无数小风险（或不太可能发生之事）而苦恼：食物中的致癌物质、空难，等等。但我们比我们所认为的更不安全。我们否认百年一遇的灾难情景。关于人口增长带来的对生物圈的无度需求以及资源稀缺和气候变化带来的经济和政治冲突所可能造成的生态冲击，我们已经有了数不…
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Randall Morck, Bernard Yeung
教皇和政党
阿尔伯塔——临近二十世纪时，为人类在无神论社会主义和腐败自由主义间的选择而备感神伤的教皇利奥十三世委托天主教知识分子设计一种更好的方式。利奥在两次大战间的继任者庇护十一世率先在1891年通谕Rerun Novarum中为社团主义命名，并认为它“规定了人类正确解决‘社会’难题的最可…
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Ivan Krastev
透明度阴谋
索菲亚—当前金融危机的最严重后果之一是对民主制度和政治的信任崩溃。事实上，2012年，全球公共关系公司埃德尔曼公司（Edelman）的《信任晴雨表》（Trust Barometer）调查显示，对政府的信任出现了有史以来最大的下降。更大的“透明度”——公民活动家和越来越多的民主国家…
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Donna Dickenson
勇敢接纳新细胞？
伦敦——英国人类受精和胚胎学管理局（HFEA）正在进行公共咨询，以了解人们对旨在防止因被称为线粒体的细胞结构发生突变而导致遗传不治之症的备受争议的新型医疗程序的看法。研究的支持者称反对这项研究就是反对挽救儿童生命和阻碍科学发展。但这种观点忽略了辩论中的一个关键因素：这项技术将造成…
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Michael Marder
欧洲的无果之痛
威托利亚-加斯泰兹——不久前的一次采访中，法国总统弗朗索瓦·奥朗德表达了重要、但却往往被人遗忘的观点，那就是要求南欧财政困难国居民做出牺牲也必须要有限度。为了防止希腊、葡萄牙和西班牙沦为集体“劳教所”，奥朗德认为必须要为面临削减开支及财政紧缩所带来衰退的人们保留一丝希望的曙光。奥…
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Antoine Danchin
奢侈品中的生物学
巴黎——尽管受到全球经济危机的影响，全球奢侈品的销售仍在激增。这究竟是什么原因？尽管营销活动能够部分解释奢侈品消费的上涨，但奢侈品市场的强劲增长究其原因实际要归功于生物学。对人类思想结构的探讨长期以来深受启蒙运动的影响，认为现实由空间、时间、物质和能量等四种要素组成。但不久前，信…
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Liah Greenfeld
民族主义和恐怖主义
波士顿—乍一看，说2011年9月11日写下了民族主义历史新的一笔不太合适，因为基地组织明白无误地自我标榜着它的全球特征。事实上，随着最初的袭击和困惑已被更加冷静的审视所取代，在那个可怕的日子所发生的恐怖袭击正在日渐被认为是民族主义众多里程碑中的一个，确实应该如此。这种观点看来，这…
Worldly Philosophers
What makes a war just? Are preemptive attacks ever morally defensible? What are the sources of violence? Is the world becoming “Americanized,” and if so, who is responsible? What is the meaning of treason?
Because they can be disseminated and downloaded anywhere with the click of a computer mouse, ideas nowadays have the potential instantly to reach – and shape – everything from people’s consciences to the cash in their wallets. Yet, today’s Internet Babel may also submerge some of the best current thinking in a tidal wave of noise.
Project Syndicate with its record of success in making complex ideas comprehensible to the lay public, and Vienna’s Institute for Human Sciences (Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen), an acclaimed interdisciplinary intellectual center in the heart of Europe, are uniquely placed to dissect the trends, paradoxes, and reflections now fashioning our world and our future.
Edited by the Director of the Institute for Human Sciences and noted philosopher Krzysztof Michalski, the Worldly Philosophers series brings to readers of Project Syndicate member papers such distinguished thinkers as philosophers Leszek Kolakowski, John Gray, and Robert Spaemann; historians Pierre Nora, Reinhard Koselleck, Dominique Schnapper, and Tsvetan Todorov; political scientist Francis Fukuyama; and public intellectuals and statesmen, such as Poland’s Bronislaw Geremek and Germany’s Kurt Biedenkopf.
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