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Eine globale Plattform für globale Probleme

DAVOS – Mit Beginn des Jahres 2013 ist viel von der Teilnahme an einer „Weltgemeinschaft“ die Rede. Doch wir sehen nach wie vor Anzeichen – und, wichtiger, Verhaltensweisen –, die derartigen Behauptungen zuwiderlaufen.

Hierfür gibt es viele Gründe, doch der wichtigste davon ist die Geschwindigkeit, Interkonnektivität und Komplexität globaler, nationaler und sogar individueller Veränderungen. Nie dagewesene Verschiebungen und zunehmende Ungleichgewichte – zwischen Konsum und Produktion, Ersparnissen und Kapitalanlagen, Wirtschaft und Umwelt, sozialer Einbindung und Marginalisierung sowie Gleichheit und Ungleichheit – bestehen fort und reifen innerhalb eines komplexen globalen Systems, in dem es keine „Risikoabschaltung“ gibt.

Seit mehr als 40 Jahren versammeln sich die Führer der Welt jedes Jahr in Davos, um die wichtigsten Probleme auf der globalen Agenda zu diskutieren und ihre Lösung voranzutreiben. Dieses Jahr ist die Liste der zu Diskussion stehenden Probleme besonders lang; sie umfasst die ungelösten Schuldenprobleme in den USA und in Europa, die beunruhigenden weltwirtschaftlichen Aussichten, die Turbulenzen im Nahen Osten und in Nordafrika und die Zunahme der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit.

Eindeutig ist, dass die Notwendigkeit globaler Zusammenarbeit nie größer war als heute, und dass Regierungen, Unternehmen oder Zivilgesellschaft die Herausforderungen allein nicht bewältigen können. Betrachtet man die Probleme genauer, so scheint es, dass die Welt im Krisenmodus verharrt; viele äußern ihren Mangel an Hoffnung, dass sich die Lage – insbesondere die wirtschaftliche Lage – verbessern wird. Doch wir vergessen dabei, wie sehr sich der Zustand der Welt bereits verbessert hat.

Als das Weltwirtschaftsforum 1971 gegründet wurde, lebten auf der Welt rund vier Milliarden Menschen, die Hälfte davon in Armut. Heute gibt es weltweit etwa sieben Milliarden Menschen, und die Zahl jener, die unter unzumutbaren Bedingungen lebt, ist dieselbe wie damals. Die durchschnittliche weltweite Lebenserwartung hat sich seit 1970 um zehn Jahre erhöht – von 60 auf 70. Oder man bedenke die Anzahl autoritärer Regime, die in den letzten 40 Jahren zusammengebrochen sind, und die Anzahl der neu entstandenen Demokratien. Und die Weltwirtschaft ist während der letzten drei Jahre um 4% gewachsen – obwohl sie derzeit die schlimmste weltweite Rezession seit 1945 durchmacht.

Wir haben noch einen weiten Weg vor uns, doch wir dürfen die sehr realen Fortschritte, die wir relativ betrachtet gemacht haben, nicht vergessen.

Um der heutigen Spirale des Pessimismus Einhalt zu gebieten und einen Burnout beim Krisenmanagement zu verhindern, müssen wir der Zukunft in sehr viel positiverer, konstruktiverer und dynamischer Weise entgegensehen und die Widerstandsfähigkeit erwerben, uns an sich verändernde Umstände anzupassen, plötzlichen Erschütterungen widerstehen und uns von ihnen erholen, während wir zugleich kritische Ziele weiterverfolgen. Es ist für eine erfolgreiche Zukunft von entscheidender Bedeutung, dass wir einen dynamischen, optimistischen Ansatz – kühne Visionen und sogar noch kühneres Handeln – mit den notwendigen Maßnahmen zur Stärkung unserer Risikoresistenz kombinieren. Das Thema des diesjährigen Jahrestreffen in Davos heißt daher „Resilient Dynamism“, was als widerstandsfähige Dynamik übersetzt werden kann.

Insgesamt wünsche ich mir, dass das Jahrestreffen in diesem Jahr zwei zusätzliche Ziele erreicht. Erstens hat die Wirtschaftskrise eine defensivere, eigensüchtigere und – auf staatlicher Ebene – stärker protektionistische Haltung herbeigeführt. Es fehlen große, einende Visionen, und der Druck nach Abschottung statt Einigung nimmt weiter zu. Dies hat die Fortschritte bei vielen der bestehenden Probleme – u.a. der Verringerung der Kohlenstoffemissionen, der Schaffung von Maßnahmen zur weltweiten Finanzregulierung und des Abschlusses der globalen Handelsverhandlungen der Doha-Runde, um nur einige zu nennen –, die weltweite Aufmerksamkeit erfordern, zum Erliegen gebracht.

Gemäß dem Motto des Forums – „Unternehmertum im globalen öffentlichen Interesse“ – sind die Gespräche in Davos von einem echten Geist der Weltbürgerschaft bestimmt. Dies bedeutet, Lösungen zu prüfen, die im Interesse der Weltgemeinschaft liegen (und zugleich den nationalen und lokalen Interessen dienen), und zwar unter besonderer Berücksichtigung künftiger Generationen.

Das Forum tritt seit jeher für den Gedanken unternehmerischer Sozialverantwortung ein – oder anders ausgedrückt, für die Vorstellung, dass Unternehmensführer nicht nur ihren Mitarbeitern und Aktionären gegenüber rechenschaftspflichtig sind, sondern auch ihren Gemeinwesen und der Gesellschaft als Ganzer. Mein zweites Ziel für Davos ist daher in diesem Jahr, dass alle Führer erkennen, dass mit ihren wirtschaftlichen Verantwortlichkeiten moralische und soziale Verpflichtungen einhergehen.

Unternehmerische Sozialverantwortung bemisst sich daran, wie die Unternehmen die Umstände für ihre Mitarbeiter, Aktionäre, Gemeinwesen und die Umwelt verbessern. Doch moralische Verantwortung reicht weiter: Sie spiegelt die Notwendigkeit wider, dass sich Unternehmen grundlegenden ethischen Fragen wie gesellschaftlicher Einbindung, Würde und Gleichheit stellen.

Es ist meine Hoffnung, dass das Jahrestreffen als Katalysator und Integrator für Initiativen dienen wird, die zentrale Probleme auf der globalen Agenda voranbringen. Von Albert Einstein stammen die warnenden Worte: „Die Welt, so wie wir sie geschaffen haben, ist ein Prozess unseres Denkens. Sie lässt sich nicht ändern, ohne dass wir unser Denken verändern.“

Wir müssen jeweils Verantwortung innerhalb unserer eigenen Handlungssphäre übernehmen – diese dynamischer und risikoresistenter machen – und als echte globale Treuhänder agieren, getragen von einer moralischen Rechenschaftspflicht für die Menschheit. Dies ist die Welt, in der wir leben; wir alle haben eine Rolle zu spielen.

Aus dem Englischen von Jan Doolan

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  1. Commented

    Philip Palij

    We ordinary mortals have had a good look at the effects of economic and geopolitical globalisation and to say the least we are cynical. While cooing bands of billionaires pontificate on their role as self-appointed global trustees at Davos, others of their ilk are buying up futures in grain causing mass starvation through increased prices.

    We watch in ever increasing contempt vast mighty corporations avoiding taxes by exploiting weaknesses in the global fabric of the law, beyond it, deliberately so.

    We watch the US and its giant corporations despoil the world unchecked, we watch its version of democracy imposed around the globe sick as it is, failing as it is a shell operated by its over mighty financial and corporate institutions.

    It is possible you mean well Herr Schawb, your task is a hard one, you and your billionaires will not be able to stop drones murdering innocent civilians in lands few of us can even name.

    Globalisation without laws to regulate it or where they are selectively enforced where they already exist makes it a sham.

    Globalisation that destroys a nations industry and agriculture such that it cannot feed or clothe itself in times of hardship. That leaves a nations economic decisions in the hands of suited directors in lands far far away, divorced from the cultures they destroy.

    No wonder you find the global vision of happy economic families an increasingly difficult sell. To many flaws for we mortals.

    You might just have to persuade you delegates to consider a somewhat modified path to enlightenment and a guilt free conscience.

    Sincerely

  2. Commented
    Portrait of Nils-Göran Areskoug

    Nils-Göran Areskoug

    This year's annual meeting has reached a closure. I watched the tenets during the week. As everyone knows World Economic Forum is a remarkable event. Not the least, it offers a unique arena for dialogue among the ones who govern our world. It brings key stakeholders from government, business and civil society together to speak out frankly on their perceptions of the destiny of the world. Some truly great moments are created when power players, more often restrained at home, feel comfortable on the Alps, and in their chairs around moderators, media, and participating public. The value of providing this informal ground for conversation is immense. I believe the "resilient dynamism" can be found more inside this warm and emotional setting than outside in the cold air. It is difficult for the persons to hide in the spotlight and discussions sometimes trigger a competition towards revealing an even better moral compass for the world to go.

    This year I valued hearing a few of the most seasoned and experienced guests. All of them had messages of profound strategic implication. It is rare to encounter people like Henry Kissinger, David Cameron, Mario Draghi, Bill Gates, Jim Yong Kim, Olafur Ragnar Grimsson and Helle Thorning-Schmidt in the same place. But the “grand unifying visions” requested by Professor Schwab to overcome the crises of the world will more likely come from people who have cultivated their independence and fostered true creativity. The focus on politics and economics needs to be balanced by people rooted in more diverse layers of society, including disciplines like arts and sciences, to allow necessary cross-fertilization of ideas. Dialogues need to become more truly transdisciplinary, not merely exchanging views, and integrating knowledge across a broader variety of experiences. Even Corporate Social Responsibility needs to be driven by ingenious solutions and bold action among entrepreneurial minds. The best potential for change often arises from the greatest minds and such people are not likely to rely on thin economic theory.

    Still, there is no place in the world where so many people feel committed to clarifying the prospect of humanity and where the passion for improving the state of the world is shared to that extent, in an atmosphere of global citizenship.

    I feel deeply grateful for the great service to societies around the globe that Professor Schwab and his team do provide in getting some of the best people together at one spot during the annual meetings in Davos.

  3. Commented
    100%

    Moctar Aboubacar

    Two things worry me about what you are saying.

    1) The first objective you lay out sounds nice in theory; countries coming together to cooperate to face current and emerging global problems. But it is not so clear whose resilience is being targeted. When companies in France lay off workers and then have the remainder sign agreements to work longer hours for less pay in exchange for five years of supposedly guaranteed jobs, it is not the worker who is gaining in resilience.
    For the World Economic Forum to dabble in the 'social' is great, but not if it is to further skew current imbalances among economic actors for the sake of a nebulous economic recover.

    2) The social responsibility of corporations (when it takes the name CSR) has in a lot of cases been a mixed blessing for developing economies and for the international development/aid agenda. Despite some very successful examples, it has meant in some cases less accountability, less transparency and less sustainable change. These need to be addressed not as a caveat, not as a secondary thought, but as part of the main agenda.
    CSR is going on, and will be taking place even without Davos. Davos' role may be more effective if it comes down to more than simply promoting CSR and offering different successful stories and models. Davos could contribute to the growing interest in CSR by nuancing the concept, by showing people the candid failures as well as successes.

    Well, now that things are already underway I have no choice but to sit and watch...

  4. Commented
    50%

    Waleed Addas

    “The world as we have created it is a process of our thinking. It cannot be changed without changing our thinking.”

    Excuse me Mr. Schwab, but our problem lies exactly in the above statement!

    As long as the human race keeps thinking that through its own thought-process alone (without any guidance from God) that it will be able to fix the problems of this world, it will continue to face crisis on its way. Did we create this world? No. But we surely messed it up with corruption on earth.

    There is only one way for humanity to progress with minimum pain; what I coined as the three R's:

    R1: Revelation.....(Complete Guidance for All Humanity)
    R2: Reason........(Rational Thought fostered by R1)
    R3: Reality.......(Developing the Physical and Social Worlds)

    As long as you will all be always stuck between R2 and R3 at Davos, you will never reach a global solution for our global problems.

    For more details, please refer to the most perfect socio-economic system prescribed for all humanity under R1 (for me, it is in the teachings of Islam which also encompasses all the earlier prophetic series of teachings e.g. Judaism and Christianity).

    Is anyone listening?!

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